Desarrollo de habilidades de autocuidado en la multidiscapacidad, basado en técnicas de modificación de la conducta

Abstract

Self-care skills are one of the essential aspects for people from an early age to acquire autonomy and independence in their daily activities, positively impacting in several areas of development such as: academic, motor, social and emotional. In this perspective, the general objective of this research is to strengthen the development of self-care skills in a student with multiple disabilities in the second year of technical high school in hotel services at the Manuela Espejo Special Education Unit. The study is framed in the interpretative hermeneutic paradigm, which seeks to know the reality of the investigated context and reflect it through the results obtained, the approach on which the study is based is qualitative, using the single case study method, among the techniques and instruments used are the following: interview, interview guide, participant observation, field diary, documentary analysis, which were essential at the time of triangulation of data, which allowed to know fundamental information for the development of the intervention proposal. Thus, we proceeded to design an intervention program based on behavior modification techniques such as: chaining, shaping, positive reinforcement, token economy and time out, which is aimed at the teacher and consists of 6 activities, each with two phases, which will develop skills in the areas of feeding and personal hygiene, which will be worked through sessions of 20 to 25 minutes. Finally, we present the conclusions that fulfill each of the specific objectives of the research, recommending that in case of implementing this proposal in students with similar characteristics, a previous diagnosis should be made.