Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos (ABP) como estrategia didáctica activa para la creación de una Cartilla de Saberes y Conocimientos de las “Plantas medicinales y sus usos” del pueblo kichwa-Saraguro con los alumnos de DDTE (sexto grado EGB) en la UECIB “Tupak Yupanki”

Abstract

The present research aimed to apply and evaluate a pedagogical strategy based on Project Based Learning (PBL) that enables a teaching-learning process, through the investigation of knowledge and knowledge of "medicinal plants and their uses", with students of Skills Development Skills and Study Techniques (D.D.T.E) or sixth grade EGB, in the UECIB-GLYS "Tupak Yupanki" in the community of Oñacapac, Saraguro town. The main problem of this research is that teachers, at the time of teaching classes in relation to the subject of Natural Sciences, are governed only in the text of the Ministry of Education, which is related to Western knowledge, that is, they do not take into consideration the previous ancestral knowledge that students have about the subject, not even the knowledge of their cultural context, rather they make a small inquiry with the most frequently asked questions: "What is the name of that plant?" and "What is it for?". The design is field-based, with a qualitative and ethnographic approach and inspired by Participatory Action Research (IAP), through the use of an active didactic strategy of ABP, by means of structured interviews, field diaries, and participant observation, which allowed the collection of information for this research. Therefore, we worked with the active participation of 19 students, 2 yachaks (a member of the community and a teacher of the educational institution) and the professional tutor of the classroom. The result obtained after the execution of the research project, in the first place, was the active and collaborative participation of the students, as well as the contribution of the parents, teachers and the wise people of the community, since their knowledge helped in the teaching and learning process of the students, as well as in the revaluation of the knowledge and knowledge about ancestral medicine that are transmitted from generation to generation from the oral tradition, starting from our grandparents, and also considering that it is a great cultural heritage; Also, taking into account the importance of medicinal plants and their uses within the community and in the family home. Adding to the above, in this research the students played a fundamental role, mainly they were able to establish a communication with the primary actors who intervened and collaborated with the information for the project, having as final product the elaboration of the digital knowledge and knowledge primers about medicinal plants and their uses, which is within a free access website, in addition, where the skills and competences of the students with the use of technological tools or TICs are made visible.