Sistema de actividades para la atención pedagógica de la hipersensibilidad auditiva en infantes con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA).

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that causes disability in brain function and affects cognitive functions; which can cause difficulty in relating or communicating. In this disorder, behavioral changes or, in some cases, a hypo or hypersensitivity to one of the stimuli may occur. It is considered that auditory hypersensitivity is one of the characteristics of people with ASD, since they present irritability to sounds found in their environment, such as high-pitched sounds (high frequency) and low-frequency sounds (low frequency) and can react in different ways. The objective of this research was to propose a system of activities to contribute to the pedagogical attention of auditory hypersensitivity in a case of ASD in the fourth grade of the “Manuela Espejo” Special Educational Unit. The methodology used contemplates the interpretive paradigm with a qualitative approach and the single case study method is used. The research techniques used were participant observation, semi-structured interview and document analysis. The data collection instruments were the observation sheet, a guide of questions directed to the teacher and the mother, and a summary sheet that supported the acquisition of the respective data on the single case study. The main results reveal that auditory hypersensitivity is a characteristic of people with ASD and high and low sounds affect their learning development and their socialization with other people. In this context, a proposal was developed with a system of activities to work on auditory hypersensitivity; which was validated by specialists. It is concluded that the treatment and teaching-learning of people with ASD requires a process with solid bases regarding the practice of the theory surrounding this disorder and thus improve their inclusion in all social spheres.