El Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas como estrategia metodológica para contribuir al proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje de las Ciencias Naturales

Abstract

The Ecuadorian education curriculum 2016, states that the teaching of Natural Sciences, consists of the construction of knowledge and scientific inquiry. The student learns in a dynamic and meaningful way. Thus, the degree work presents Problem-Based Learning as a methodological strategy for the teaching-learning process of Natural Sciences. Because, the solution of problems adapted to the curricular content and interests of the student, encourages critical thinking through analysis and reflection. Therefore, it has been proposed as a general objective, to develop the ABP methodological strategy for the improvement of the teaching - learning process in Natural Sciences, through the didactic unit “electricity, force and magnetism” of the sixth year "La Inmaculada" school (Cuenca). The methodology corresponds to the interpretive paradigm, under a qualitative approach and is based on the design of participatory action investigation. For the collection of information, techniques and instruments were considered, such as: participant observation, documentary analysis, interviews with key educational actors (students, teachers) in order to support and specify information developed in the project. Finally, the results obtained indicate that the ABP contributes to the didactic change of the teaching-learning process of Natural Sciences in the corresponding context at the level of its planning and practical realization. In addition, the strategy resulted in developing skills and attitudes to solve problems through the autonomous and collaborative work of the students.