Guía didáctica para la estimulación del componente fonológico en un estudiante con discapacidad intelectual grave de noveno año de la Unidad Educativa Especializada Nicolás Vázquez.

Abstract

In this research, a proposal was made based on the use of teaching material for the stimulation of the phonological component in a student with intellectual disabilities in the ninth year of the Nicolás Vásquez Specialized Educational Unit. To achieve this objective, a single case study with a qualitative approach was carried out, in which the subject of the study was identified, in this case, he is a 14-year-old student with a diagnosis of severe intellectual disability. Through this research, data were collected. the following results: the student presents difficulties in relation to his oral communication, specifically he omits the phonemes /r/, /l/, /t/, in initial, middle and final position, likewise, he has problems in social interaction and self-esteem . To identify the problems mentioned above, several research techniques were applied such as: participant observation, semi-structured interview and bibliographic analysis. Within the theoretical foundation, it was found that the phonological component encompasses the organization of phonemes in syllables, words and sentences, giving meaning to what is intended to be communicated, however, there are difficulties within it that consist of omission, substitution, transposition. that affect the understanding and expression of what is wanted to be transmitted. Based on these problems, a teaching guide was designed that contains 7 activities to work on breathing, praxis and the articulation of the identified phonemes. Each exercise has a title, objectives, execution phase, methodology, resources, execution time and benefits of the exercise. material. The main conclusions were that the use of teaching material is essential to stimulate language in students, since a variety of activities are applied through innovative and attractive resources for the student, providing a more significant experience and the environment will be more welcoming. for all.