Guía didáctica: Desarrollo de la capacidad atencional de los infantes de 4-5 años en el CEI Ciudad de Cuenca (Azuay-Ecuador)

Abstract

The attentional capacity of infants is one of their elementary and natural functions, relevant in the learning process, privileged by teachers and parents, even more so in the virtual modality due to the pandemic. The study revealed the need to propose a didactic guide that contributes to the development of the attentional capacity of infants from 4 to 5 years of age, through the realization of learning experiences in Sublevel 2 of the Early Education Center "Ciudad de Cuenca" (Azuay-Ecuador). The contributions of Flores (2016); Tortolero (2017); Ballesteros (2014); Hernández (2011); Batlle and Jaume, (2009), among others; allowed the theoretical foundation of the study categories. The methodological approach corresponds to the qualitative approach, of explanatory scope and field design, based on the action-research methodology. For the collection of information, participant observation and the application of interviews, directed to the teacher, were considered. The research process was focused on the teaching practice and on infants from 4 to 5 years of age. The analysis and interpretation of the information made it possible to reveal, through triangulation, the most significant aspects of the development of attentional capacity. Based on this diagnosis, the didactic guide was designed, based on a system of activities; then its application in the study context contributed to the improvement of the children's attentional capacity (emphasis on selective, sustained and divided attention). The evaluation of the activities was done through observation of the implementation process. It is concluded that there were favorable changes in the children's attentional capacity, improvement in their participation during the educational activities and their attention was sustained for a longer period of time, avoiding loss of interest. This process can be exercised at any moment of a learning experience.